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• The Behavioural Regulations in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ)
  • BREQ - The Theory
  • BREQ-2 psychometrics
  • BREQ-2 and 3 scoring
  • BREQ-2 and 3 References
  • BREQ-2 in other languages
  • BREQ-2 and 3 downloads
• The Exercise Motivations Inventory and Exercise Motives and Gains Inventory (EMI)
  • EMI-2 FAQs
  • EMI-2 and EMGI References
  • EMI-2 in other languages
  • EMI-2 and EMGI downloads
• The Perceived Environmental Supportiveness Scale (PESS)
  • PESS downloads
• The Exercise Causality Orientations Scale (ECOS)
  • ECOS psychometrics
  • ECOS scoring
  • ECOS references
  • ECOS downloads
• The Locus of Causality for Exercise Scale (LCES)
  • LCE references
  • LCE downloads
• The Goal Orientations in Exercise Scale (GOEM)
  • GOEM downloads
• The Self-Determination Theory Website

ECOS References

Here are references for papers from our own lab. For access to ECOS papers published by researchers in other institutions, click the Google Scholar links.

Rose, E.A., Markland, D., & Parfitt, G. (2001). The development and initial validation of the Exercise Causality Orientations Scale. Journal of Sports Sciences, 19, 445-462. abstract full text (pdf) For personal use only

Rose, E.A., Parfitt, G. & Williams, S. (2005). Exercise causality orientations, behavioural regulation for exercise and stage of change for exercise: exploring their relationships. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 6, 399-414. abstract full text (pdf) For personal use only